The three most popular rechargeable battery technologies include NiCad, NiMH, and lithium-ion. In this article, we’ll provide an overview of each type of rechargeable battery and get to the bottom of which battery type is best.
NiCad batteries were the industry standard for years and are the least expensive rechargeable battery option. These batteries come in standard sizes and large rectangular batteries. Even though this technology is slightly outdated, you can still find NiCad batteries in cordless phones, solar lights, and RC cars.
A NiCad battery offers a long life cycle and can last up to 1000 battery life cycles before it no longer holds a charge.
The memory effect is also a problem when using NiCad batteries. The memory effect is due to the repeated charging of a battery before it is fully depleted. This causes the battery to store less energy each time. In effect, your device will operate for less time every time you recharge a NiCad battery without letting it fully discharge.
NiCad Battery Pros
- NiCad batteries are inexpensive.
- They offer full power output over the entire charge.
- They are fast and easy to recharge.
- Effective in extreme temperatures and environments.
- NiCad is available in all standard battery sizes, including AAA, AA, C, and D sizes.
NiCad Battery Cons
- NiCad batteries require a full discharge and recharge to reduce the memory effect.
- A NiCad battery is composed of toxic metals that need to be properly recycled.
- Low power density means NiCad batteries can’t be used for high-power devices.
- NiCad is heavier than most other battery options.
- Suffers from memory problems that can reduce battery performance.
- NiCad batteries must be recycled.
NiCad Battery Uses
While NiCad batteries have been losing market share to NiMH batteries, they can still be found in plenty of products. They are ideal for items that need to be charged quickly or for low-drain products.
Some of the most common uses for NiCad batteries include laptops, electronic devices, outdoor solar lights, flashlights, portable power tools, and emergency backup power generators.
Can You Revive NiCad Batteries?
NiCad batteries can be revived, but the battery may not be able to charge as well as it did when it was new. Check out our article about how to restore NiCad batteries if you’re looking for more information.
NiMH Batteries
NiMH is the most popular form of rechargeable batteries on the market. They come in all standard battery sizes and are a great alternative to non-rechargeable alkaline batteries. Since they are extremely common, it is easy to find batteries and chargers almost anywhere batteries are sold.
NiMH Battery Pros
- A high-capacity battery means you can use these for high-powered devices.
- They are less prone to memory effect than NiCad batteries.
- They are less vulnerable when exposed to high temperatures than lithium-ion batteries.
- They are more standardized, you can use a single battery pack to power different devices.
- They are eco-friendly (they have few toxic elements).
NiMH Battery Cons
Although NiMH is a newer technology, there are still reasons you may want to choose a different rechargeable battery option.
- More expensive than NiCad batteries.
- NiMH won’t last as long as other rechargeable options.
- NiMH batteries self-discharge quickly and will need to be recharged after long storage.
- Heavier than NiCad batteries.
NiMH Battery Uses
As the successor to NiCd batteries, NiMH batteries serve a similar function. They can be used in any tool or device that requires a traditional alkaline battery of any size. A NiMH battery offers plenty of energy for high-drain devices, including commercial power tools, cellular phones, camcorders, electric shavers, computers, and any other device that requires batteries.
Can You Revive NiMH Batteries?
Lithium-ion Batteries
Lithium-ion batteries are the high-end of the rechargeable battery industry. They are capable of the same energy output as NiMH batteries but weigh up to 35% less. This newer technology is now used in a wide range of products, including wireless headphones, laptops, mobile phones, power tools, toys, and tablets.
Lithium-ion Battery Pros
- Ultra-light compared to other rechargeable batteries.
- High capacity means these batteries are ideal for high-powered devices.
- A high-voltage battery delivers all the energy your computers, phones, and devices need.
- Lithium-ion batteries can handle thousands of charge/discharge cycles.
- Lithium-ion batteries are disposable and don’t need recycling.
- Since lithium-ion batteries have no memory effect, they don’t need to be fully discharged before recharging.
Lithium-ion Battery Cons
Of course, there are some drawbacks to using a lithium-ion battery.
- Lithium-ion batters are very expensive when compared with other technologies.
- These batteries are delicate and have a history of exploding when mishandled.
- They are extremely sensitive to high temperatures and can burst into flames on rare occasions.
- Lithium-ion batteries have a two to three-year shelf life.
Lithium-ion Battery Uses
As one of the most efficient and reliable battery options, lithium-ion batteries have been gaining market share over the other rechargeable battery options. They are extremely effective at powering laptops, computers, cameras, tools, and any other home electronic gadgets.
They are also used to provide energy to medical equipment, electric cars, industrial settings, manufacturing, emergency backup power systems for homes and businesses, and solar energy systems (to store surplus solar power).
Can You Recondition Lithium-Ion Batteries?
If you need more information about this, you can check out our guide on How to Recondition Lithium-ion Batteries.
Key Differences Between NiCad, NiMH, and Lithium-ion Batteries
All three battery types offer plenty of benefits to the consumer. Below, we’ve highlighted some of the key differences between NiCad, NiMH, and lithium-ion batteries. Take these stats into consideration so you can choose the right battery that meets your needs.
| Parameter | NiCD | NiMH | Lithium-Ion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Price | Cheapest option | Mid-price range | Most expensive option |
| Capacity | Lower capacity | High capacity storage | High capacity storage |
| Memory Effect | Memory effect can cause problems | Limited memory effect | No memory effect |
| Life Cycle | Longer life cycle | Short life Cycle | Longer life cycle |
| Environmental Impact | Toxic metals inside the battery require recycling | More environmentally friendly than NiCd. Recycling is recommended | Environment-friendly. Recycling is recommended |
| Weight | Heaviest option | Middleweight battery | Lightweight battery |
| Operating Temperatures | Can operate in extreme temperatures. -22 to +140 F | Can operate in moderate temperatures. -4 to +122 F | Can operate in moderate temperatures +14 to +122 F |
| Self-Discharge | 20% loss of charge monthly while not in use | 30% loss of charge monthly while not in use | Little to no charge is lost while not in use |
NiCad vs NiMH vs Lithium-ion: Which Battery Type is Best?
Depending on your needs, all three battery types can be a good option.
While NiCad batteries are outdated, they can still be an effective option for many low-drain applications. Their low cost also makes them ideal for toys, flashlights, and other tools that don’t require high amounts of energy.
NiMH batteries offer ample power, lower costs, and are eco-friendly. They are the most common form of rechargeable battery available and can be used for almost any home application. From cameras to power tools, NiMH batteries have the energy needed for high-drain applications.
Lithium-ion batteries are the high-end battery option. Due to their high price, you will find lithium-ion batteries in premium products like laptops, tablets, cell phones, power tools, and medical equipment. Lithium-ion is also the best option for electric vehicles, emergency power backups, and industrial or commercial use. If you need safe and reliable energy, a lithium-ion battery is your best bet.
James is an engineer and a professional blogger. He has gained extensive experience over the years, handling all types of power projects. He loves to share his experiences with all things related to batteries, generators, and other power-related topics.
